| The need of human beings to seek pleasure, leisure and a variety of associated activities has resulted in growth of tourism as a major industry. The advancement in means of travel and telecommunication has resulted in opening of many so far unexplored areas to the discerning traveler worldwide. Amongst the various kinds of tourist activities, community based and natured related tourism has risen dramatically in the last decade, particularly in the advanced economies of the west, and is continuing to rise. The reason is not far to seek. In this industrial age, the bulk of the society now lives in a very mechanical, highly urban setting, with very few people living in rural areas. The rural areas themselves are farmed intensively, using large machines and chemicals. The remaining areas around the world are the only truly pristine “natural” areas left, and thus they attract the tourists who are trying to get away for a while from their mechanical world.
Tourism in general has already become the most important civil industry in the world. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) tourism is now the world’s largest industry, bigger than the auto, steel, electronics, or agricultural industries. Over the last three decades, there has been growing debate on tourism in developing countries and its problematic implications for local communities and the environment. Many efforts have been made by various actors to find solutions to the dilemmas created by mass tourism which has become subject of increased criticism. To tackle the serious problems arising from large scale tourism development, numerous alternatives emerged to develop new forms of tourism. Such ventures were called “alternative”, “responsible”, “low impact” tourism, just to mention a few (O’Grady 1990; Pleumarom 1990; Smith/Eadington 1992). Thus, the search for less or non destructive forms of tourism began long before the concept of sustainable development arrived on the agenda in the late 1980s and ecotourism became popular from early nineties. Many definitions of ecotourism have emerged since the coin was termed in 1987. In 1991, The Ecotourism Society (TES) developed the following definition of ecotourism: “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains the well being of local people” (Epler Wood 1996). Ecotourism is the largest growing sector of the tourism industry contributing direct economic impact to host destinations (TES 1995). The increasing human populations and their demand on natural resources make it almost impossible for developing countries to leave large areas undeveloped. It is this necessity for development of natural areas to produce economic benefits that makes ecotourism so attractive.
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